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      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
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      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
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      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
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      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
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        • NWRA 2019 >
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        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
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        • NWRA 2021 >
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
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    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
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      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
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      • ABMA 2016 >
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      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
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          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
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      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
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      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
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          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
      • ABMA 2021 >
        • ABMA 2021 Thursday
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      • ABMA 2022 >
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      • IMATA ABMA 2023 >
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    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
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          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
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          • RAW 2012 Training
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      • RAW 2013 >
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          • RAW 2013 Conservation
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      • RAW 2014 >
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      • RAW 2016 >
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      • RAW 2017 >
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      • RAW 2018 >
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      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
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          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
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          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
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        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
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          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
      • RAW 2022 >
        • RAW 2022 Health Management
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        • RAW 2022 Sustainable Collections
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
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        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
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      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
      • AALSO 2021 >
        • AALSO 2021 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2021 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2021 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2021 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2021 Greening Up LSS
      • AALSO 2022 >
        • AALSO 2022 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2022 Making It Work
        • AALSO 2022 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2022 Program Management Series
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
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        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
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    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA Education Tracks >
        • Avian Basics Track
        • Basics of Wildlife Rehabilitation 1 Track
        • Mammal Basics Track
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
      • NWRA 2022 >
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Parasite & Pathogens
        • NWRA 2022 General Rehabilitation Concepts
        • NWRA 2022 Compassion Fatigue
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Pharmacology
        • NWRA 2022 Triage & Trauma
        • NWRA 2022 Everyday Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2022 Loons
      • NWRA 2023 >
        • NWRA 2023 Plenary
        • NWRA 2023 Administration, Fundraising, & Collaboration
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2023 Diagnostics
        • NWRA 2023 Education Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2023 First Response
        • NWRA 2023 Herptile Care
        • NWRA 2023 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
        • NWRA 2023 Home-based & Micro-center Rehabilitation
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ABMA 2015

Saturday Abstracts

The Pros and Cons of Stress

Karen Frost,
Hund & Træning (Dog & Training)




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Stress is often thought of as something that is bad for you. If we take a look inside an individual, there is no doubt that stress can be detrimental to both the body and the brain. High levels of stress hormones can affect different tissues and do damage, e.g. depress the immune system, elevate blood pressure and do permanent damage to brain tissue. This kind of stress is often caused by fear but it can also be created by frustration and expectations. When we clicker train our animals, we can accidentally create stress-related problems because we use the technique incorrectly. Clicker training can lead to frustration when the animal cannot solve the puzzle of how to get to the reinforcer because we as trainers do not provide enough information to the animal on how to gain access to the reinforcer. We can also create stress if we build too much expectation into our training sessions or other activities. This kind of stress is just as adverse although the animal seems to be having fun. Stress, however, is not always harmful. We have to remember that individuals that could produce a stress response have had an evolutionary advantage to those that could not. We see this in the fact that the stress response can be seen across a variety of species. It is also worth noting that low levels of stress hormones actually can enhance both the acquisition and performance of behaviors.
The Long & Winding Road: Turning Over a New Trainer on a 6 Year Old Blind 1.0 Fossa

Larissa Comb,
San Diego Zoo Safari Park


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The AZA Small Carnivore TAG recommends that the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) not be used as an education animal (AZA Small Carnivore TAG recommendation, 2004). As the largest carnivore of Madagascar, the fossa is an extremely strong and aggressive predator making them very challenging to work with free contact. For this reason it is not surprising there are only two working fossa ambassadors in the entire United States. While the ferocity of the fossa creates its own set of problems, one less obvious issue with the species in a large, dynamic training department is turnovers. The Wildlife Discoveries division of the Behavior Department at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park works with 40 individual ambassadors representing 21 species. With only nine full time trainers, an animal must be tractable and able to work with multiple individuals in order to be successful. When 2 of his 5 trainers left the department in 2012, it became imperative we focus efforts on introducing another trainer to our fossa "Jamba". Given Jamba's history of aggression towards new people and one previous unsuccessful turnover, this would be no easy task. Complicating the situation further was the fact that Jamba is almost completely blind. This paper will discuss the steps taken over the course of 2 years that ultimately lead to the successful addition of a new trainer to Jamba's training team.
Implementing Choice and Control at the Chimpanzees in Copenhagen Zoo

Mikkel Famme,
Copenhagen Zoo


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The Background: Often zoo animals and also our chimpanzees have no control of their environment. Before we implemented the new management, we had to lure our chimpanzees by feeding them in the exhibit we wanted them to enter, this often failed. We have an artificial rain system, which is controlled by a computer. We listen to music while working, because we like it. We choose the food they eat. A lot of management and environment things, which the chimpanzees doesn't have control over. Implementing: First we changed our management; we now "ask" the chimpanzees to leave an exhibit, and if they all exit _ we reward them after closing the gate. If they try to run back, while we are closing _ we reopen the gate and start over. They choose if we can enter the exhibit we request. The next step was a button where the chimpanzees could turn on the artificial rain, they now had the control of this. Latest invention is an ON/OFF electrical but-ton where multiple things can be plugged into; radio/music, fan, light, etc. _ they decide of itÕs on or off. This gadget will let the chimpanzees choose if they really want to watch TV, listen to music or have the light on or off _ all decisions take for them, and sometimes think they like. The future has more changes to come, more control of their food, substrates and bedding material and also control/interaction of/with the visitors.


My Taxi Ride

Jen Hickman,
Denver Zoo


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After 16 years as a zookeeper, I felt that I was confident and successful in my training techniques with a variety of species. However, my world was turned upside down when I adopted an American Bulldog mix named Taxi in July 2011. When I adopted him, he was a sweet boy who according to his foster mom had a tendency to get "spun up" with bursts of uncontrollable energy. Two weeks after bringing him home he attacked another dog while on a walk. A few days after that the vet deemed him unsuitable to be in a household with children. This was a major issue because I have two daughters, then 10 and 7 years old. After seeking out a behaviorist, Taxi was termed "reactive and fear aggressive." As a trainer, I felt I could handle this. I had experience working with aggressive species. My plan was to simply apply those skills to Taxi. However, I learned that it is a whole different ball game when the safety of your family is involved. For two years I consulted with zoo peers and a few dog training peers and made slow progress with Taxi. After Taxi attacked an off leash dog that ran up to him, I hired a professional dog trainer. Now Taxi is the center of my world. We are currently traveling this training road that has merged zoo and dog training worlds together and are doing so successfully.
Can You See Me Now? How About Now?:
A Collaborative Effort to Increase
On-Exhibit Visibility of 1.1 Lions
​at the Oakland Zoo


Heather Paddock and Erica Calcagno, Oakland Zoo


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After the loss of Oakland Zoo's four elder lions in 2010 the ~1.5 acre exhibit was now very spacious, had plenty of resting places, and often had the two remaining lions "out of view" for the general public. By 2013, after many guest complaints, it became clear that something should be done to increase the visibility of Oakland Zoo's remaining lions. Rather than struggle through such a huge endeavor alone as an individual keeper or string, the Lion Team took a different approach. A major collaborative brainstorming effort was undertaken with the support and involvement of multiple Zoo departments from the President & CEO, to PR and Market-ing, to the entire Animal Care Department. This concerted brainstorming effort has produced over a year of productive project ideas. Simultaneously, a behavioral observation project was implemented to ascertain how often the lions were "not visible" and if the lions were adhering to a roughly naturalistic behavior pattern. This observation project took advantage of Oakland Zoo's established intern program. In considering the brain-storming results and observational data it was important to balance guest interests vs encouraging natural behaviors and to have any management changes accomplish both these objectives. Major management changes do not have to be on the shoulders of a single keeper; the process can be collaborative and integrate ideas from individuals with a variety of backgrounds and knowledge bases. Both keepers and their animals can benefit from an open and collaborative approach to management.
Through The Lizards Eye –
​A Behaviourist Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Behaviour Problems in Companion Lizards


Danielle Middleton-Beck,
My Pet Guardians


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The keeping of lizards as companion animals, by the general public, has risen in popularity over recent decades with many companion lizards being viewed as 'easy to care for when compared to other companion animals' (CAWC 2009), and are seen as having limited intelligence. Therefore, many companion lizards are housed in minimalistic enclosures where convenience and simply keeping the animal alive is the main priority. This is in contradiction to how many lizards are housed in zoos, particularly those kept on display, which are housed in more naturalistic and enriching enclosures which cater for both physical and psychological health. Due the limitations of being ectothermic, lizards kept as companion animals are reliant on their enclosures for their physical and psychological health. The inability to perform natural behaviours or cope with the stressors placed upon them when housed in minimalistic enclosures, as companion animals, often leads to the development of behavioural problems in captive lizards, including aggression, repetitive behaviours and feeding problems.​
Training Raptors Force Free and
​Without the Use of Equipment


Carina Soegaard Ellebaek,
Ree Park Safari​
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Training raptors is a field where there is still a lot of new things to discover. Until today, the most common way to train raptors is with equipment often followed by the use of force in some way. In Ree Park Safari we had trained raptors for 9 years this way, until in 2012 we decided that it had to be possible to do it without equipment and the use of force. We decided to remove the equipment, work with them force free, and with the aim of positive reinforcement. This off course did not happened in one day. We used a lot of time planning how to approach this goal, without compromising the safety of our raptors. Today we train hawks, owls, and a falcon without equipment, and all of our birds are free lofted. We are also expanding our way of training raptors, by training behaviors we would never train before, like getting a hawk to put its head into an anesthesia mask. I will tell our story, show what we have done, what challenges and successes we have had. It is my hope that I can inspire more trainers to venture this way, and that we with time will get more experience in a field where there is so much more to learn.​
An African Adventure:
Raising Awareness through
​R+ Training Methods


Barbara Glatz,
Animal Training Center


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The Animal Training Center has been dedicated to wildlife education and rescuing animals since its beginnings. Wanting to share our experiences in training people and animals, we started a cooperation with a long-established private wildlife rehabilitation centre in Tanzania, Africa. In a very different culture where empathy and compassion along humans are not priorities, it is even harder to find those characteristics when it comes to animals. The first big challenge was showing people that animals have feelings and need appropriate care to survive and thrive. Increased human-wildlife conflicts due to habitat loss made it even harder when we tried to emphasize that wildlife and nature are important. New challenges arise every day: working with employees and students on the farm and informing the police about positive ways of training their animals turned out to be a very difficult attempt. To overcome those problems we had to start to think the same way they do. How can people benefit from acknowledging feelings of animals? How can we overcome their lack of compassion? We found that it worked the best through getting themselves involved emotionally - building relationships with individual animals and training them through positive reinforcement training methods. The results are astonishing! The people involved experienced a whole new world which is characterized by trust, empathy and understanding. These are qualities they often canÔt even find within their families. The interest and enthusiasm we encounter is very touching and encourages to continue with our work despite all defiances.
Using Behavior Management to Help Regulate a Diabetic Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithicus rosalia)

Jennifer Hennessey,
​Roger Williams Park Zoo


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I had contemplated injection training with our callitrichids for years but could never justify the time and effort I thought would be necessary to achieve a behavior I may or may not use. When our female golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) was diagnosed with diabetes in January 2014, it became necessary to develop a behavior management plan that included hand injections to manage her illness. I will discuss the changes we made to her exhibit design, social grouping, and nutrition as well as the steps taken for urine collection and injection training that have led to a significant decrease in her glucose levels. While I had theorized it would take a significant amount of time to injection train any of the callitrichids, in actuality it took just 28 days.
Good Motivation and Welfare Can Result In Good Animal Conservation:
Using Psychophysics Research To Determine the Effect of Anthropogenic Noiseon Marine Animals


Kirstin Anderson Hansen1,
​Magnus Wahlberg1, Ursula Siebert2;1,
University of Southern Denmark,
2University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover


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At the University of Southern DenmarkÕs Marine Biology Research Center, two male grey seals and two cormorants are trained for various research projects. They are currently participating in a bioacoustic study to determine the effects of anthropogenic noise from windmill parks and shipping noise on their daily life of searching for food, communicating with other conspecifics and raising their young. Training animals for cognitive research projects can entail the animals having to do numerous repetitions of the same task over a long period of time, so how do we maintain the animalÕs motivation to continue to do the task while not affecting the research data? We would like to share with you what factors we considered in order to maintain good motivation as well as good animal welfare.​
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
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    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
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    • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop XIII 2023 (Coming March 31, 2023)
    • Cephalopod Symposium >
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    • ​Global Online Animal Training Summit (GOATS) >
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