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      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
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      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
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      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
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      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
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        • NWRA 2019 >
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        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
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        • NWRA 2021 >
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
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    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
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      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
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      • ABMA 2016 >
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      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
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          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
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      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
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      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
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          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
      • ABMA 2021 >
        • ABMA 2021 Thursday
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      • ABMA 2022 >
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      • IMATA ABMA 2023 >
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    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
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          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
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          • RAW 2012 Training
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      • RAW 2013 >
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          • RAW 2013 Conservation
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      • RAW 2014 >
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      • RAW 2016 >
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      • RAW 2017 >
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      • RAW 2018 >
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      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
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          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
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          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
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        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
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          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
      • RAW 2022 >
        • RAW 2022 Health Management
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        • RAW 2022 Sustainable Collections
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
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        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
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      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
      • AALSO 2021 >
        • AALSO 2021 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2021 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2021 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2021 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2021 Greening Up LSS
      • AALSO 2022 >
        • AALSO 2022 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2022 Making It Work
        • AALSO 2022 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2022 Program Management Series
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
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        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
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    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA Education Tracks >
        • Avian Basics Track
        • Basics of Wildlife Rehabilitation 1 Track
        • Mammal Basics Track
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
      • NWRA 2022 >
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Parasite & Pathogens
        • NWRA 2022 General Rehabilitation Concepts
        • NWRA 2022 Compassion Fatigue
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Pharmacology
        • NWRA 2022 Triage & Trauma
        • NWRA 2022 Everyday Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2022 Loons
      • NWRA 2023 >
        • NWRA 2023 Plenary
        • NWRA 2023 Administration, Fundraising, & Collaboration
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2023 Diagnostics
        • NWRA 2023 Education Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2023 First Response
        • NWRA 2023 Herptile Care
        • NWRA 2023 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
        • NWRA 2023 Home-based & Micro-center Rehabilitation
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Conservation & Research Abstracts


​Advancements in the Management of
​Sea Star Wasting Syndrome in Aquaria


Melissa Bishop,
Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium



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In the State of Washington, Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (SSWS) was first observed during the summer of 2013. It has now spread to sea star populations all along the West Coast of North America.  SSWS events have occurred in the past, but the range and severity of the current outbreak is unprecedented. The Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium (PDZA) is geographically located on Puget Sound, and has been significantly impacted by SSWS with the loss of over 80% of exhibit sea stars.  Success in halting, and in some cases reversing the syndrome has been observed in PDZA’s sea star collection with the use of Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim immersion baths. This presentation will briefly review what is presently known about SSWS, give an overview of the SSWS research program at PDZA, and offer recommendations for moving forward in successfully managing SSWS in closed and open sea water aquariums.
A Cuttlefish of a Different Color:
Investigating Body Patterning in 
Metasepia pfefferi


Amber Thomas,
The Seas, Walt Disney World



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Cuttlefish are known for their ability to quickly alter their appearance to camouflage or to communicate information to predators, prey and conspecifics.  Like any form of communication, a visual communication system is limited by the number of signals that are recognizable between individuals.  To better understand the behavior of these animals, their signaling systems and thus their body patterns have been extensively studied in some species of cuttlefish.  Unfortunately, they have never been thoroughly investigated in the Flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi) and thus all behavioral and communicatory inferences are based on studies of other species.  This study aimed to identify all of the components of M. pfefferi body patterns that are visible to the human eye and to determine the most probable number of patterns used by this species. It was determined that aquarium-raised M. pfefferi generated 89 chromatic, 10 textural, 16 postural and 8 locomotor components which were combined to create 11 distinct patterns.  Unlike other species of cuttlefish, none of the 11 most probable patterns appeared to be useful for camouflage in their current environment, suggesting that this species used its appearance-altering abilities to communicate more frequently than to camouflage.  Similarly, 8 of the 11 identified patterns contained at least one “moving” component in which the colors on the skin appeared to travel on the animal’s mantle.  In other species, these “moving” components were generally only seen during feeding or aggression, but M. pfefferi utilizes them frequently in a variety of contexts.  These findings indicate the necessity to study the body patterns and communication methods in various species of cuttlefish to better understand their species specific behavior.

​The Role of Aquariums in the recovery of Australian Grey Nurse Shark Populations

Mark Smith, Dr. Rob Jones,
​New England Aquarium


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The grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus, referred to as the sand tiger in the USA and ragged-toothed shark in South Africa, is an iconic species in Australia. Once abundant, the Australian East Coast population is now listed as critically endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, with population estimates ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 individuals. Primary threats to the species were, historically, recreational spear fishers and commercial fishers. Threats now constitute recreational fishers, commercial fishers and habitat degradation. It is now common to see specimens with fishing gear trailing from their mouth and anecdotal estimates place this incidence as high as 50% of the population. In 2002 the Federal Government released a DRAFT Recovery Plan listing six primary anthropogenic threats to grey nurse sharks, including “collection for aquaria”. The report recommended a moratorium on the take of grey nurse for public aquaria, which has been in effect since 2002. In 2013, a group of concerned stakeholders convened a meeting to discuss measures to mitigate and reverse the population decline of East Coast grey nurse. During this meeting regulators acknowledged that existing measures had not reversed the population decline, and further, that partnering with public aquaria was crucial to successfully addressing this troubling trend. With teams of skilled personnel, and a visitor-ship exceeding 10% of the Australian population, the aquarium community can provide a critical support role for the implementation of the Recovery Plan in three primary areas: (1) research and research support, (2) intervention / rescue, and (3) advocacy and education.
Seahorse Roundup: Establishing a Genetic Baseline for the Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus

Nancy Pham Ho & Steven Yong,
​Florida Institute of Technology Vero Beach Marine Laboratory & Seattle Aquarium


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Seahorses are consistently listed as one of the most popular exhibit animals at public aquariums. However, they're not just another pretty face. Seahorses are often considered an indicator species for healthy coral reefs and sea grass beds. Their popularity makes them an excellent topic for conservation, research, and outreach, which are high on the list of priorities for our institutions and Species Survival Plans®. This presentation will review a wild population genetics research project led by Vero Beach Marine Lab researchers and the lined seahorse SSP. We will report on preliminary results, challenges, how this data will be used, and possible future opportunities. We will also discuss how this project involved collaboration not only between public aquariums and a marine lab; but also incorporated participation from government agencies, aquaculture facilities, and citizen scientists.

​
Spawn induction of Acroporia cervicornius


John Than,
The Florida Aquarium


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No abstract

​Around the World and Back
to Save Nautiluses


Gregory Jeff Barord,
CUNY Graduate Center and Brooklyn College Central Campus High School


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Nautiloids have survived all five mass extinction events in Earth's history on their own. However, without human intervention and help, nautiloids may not survive the current extinction event taking place. While unregulated fisheries appear to be the most significant factor of nautilus population decline, the effects of climate change may also affect nautiluses and are even less understood. Thus, nautilus conservation research has become vital to providing effective regulation and management of the remaining nautilus populations. But what is nautilus conservation research? Well, with an organism largely unknown to the world and with little information on its biology and behavior, nautilus conservation research is many, many things. It means grant writing and airline traveling and trap setting and video watching and genetic testing and maze running and teaching, to name a few. Over the last few years, our research team has traveled near and far to collect data and create awareness for nautilus conservation efforts. As we get closer and closer to our goal of saving nautiluses, our research expands further and further. Recently, our research has expanded to Central Campus High School in Des Moines, Iowa. Yeah, that’s right, I said Iowa. Having recently taken over the Marine Biology program at Central Campus, one goal for this program is to connect high school students to the 500 million year old nautiloids and provide opportunities for these students to conduct their own research to help save nautiluses. Here, I will provide updates on our research efforts in the field (most recently from Vanuatu and Philippines), current laboratory work at Central Campus, and our future plans to continue engaging the next generation in nautilus conservation and the importance of our oceans in general.
It's all about HEAD Pressure and
Pump Efficiency:
​Building Energy Efficient LSS


Andrew L. Rhyne,
Roger Williams University


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When budgeting and planning for renovations where does energy consumption fit?  What are the most important energy inputs and where can savings be maximized? Here we demonstrate the importance of placing energy consumption as the top priority during a complete renovation at the Audubon Society of Rhode Island, Environmental Education Center’s aquarium.  We designed life support systems for exhibits of 600 to 2000 gallons that consumed 50% less power, require less consumables (water and filter bags), produced less system heat, and reduced noise by 90%.  This was accomplished by using low head efficient pumps, installing insulated sumps, insulating tanks, and engineering life support systems away from the outdated high-energy consumption sand-filter.

​LED lights and corals:
Truth is all in the photos.....and data!


Grant Anderson,
Marine Cove at Sertoma Butterfly House


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As more aquarists are making the leap from traditional metal halide lit coral ecosystems to LEDs more data is needed. Over the past 18 months we have been continuing to gather data and evaluate LED lights for consistency in PAR output, color spectrum, spread, operational costs, and reliability.  For this study we have continued to measure PAR values to show the amount of PAR concentrations and losses over the course of  18 months.  We have also been monitoring the spectrum consistency to see which LED lights stayed in the correct color needed for coral health and growth. In doing the following two measurements we have also determined the spread value loss for such LED lights. These three very important measurements are what keep our corals healthy and growing nicely. When any of these parameters change, coral health concerns emerge. LEDS are not changed yearly like the metal halide counter parts; this leads to making sure the above parameters stay within a strict coral growth and health guideline. When evaluating which LED light is correct for a certain application you need to make sure it is also reliable. With 18 months under moist, warm, and salty conditions which lights stood up to the harsh environments coral exhibits lights are kept in? We also evaluate the significant cost savings in chillers, maintenance, AC costs, and general electrical consumption our facility achieved. By adding yet another new manufacturer to our testing grounds we feel we have finally broke into the 1000 watt equivalent LED.  Not being a cannon style we were very skeptical, however the truth is all in the data. The photos taking over the 18 month study will conclude corals grow exceptional well while also maintaining health so as long as the LEDs maintain a consistent output in above parameters.
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop XIII 2023 (Coming March 31, 2023)
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