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        • NWRA 2018 >
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        • NWRA 2019 >
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    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
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        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
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    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
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      • RAW 2019 >
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          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
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      • RAW 2022 >
        • RAW 2022 Health Management
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    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
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    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
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          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
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        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
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      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
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      • AALSO 2021 >
        • AALSO 2021 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2021 Water Quality & Chemistry
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      • AALSO 2022 >
        • AALSO 2022 New Innovations Series
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        • AALSO 2022 Water Quality & Chemistry
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    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
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        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
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        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
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        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
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    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
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    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA Education Tracks >
        • Avian Basics Track
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      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
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        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
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        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
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      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
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        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
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        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
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        • NWRA 2019 Disease
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        • NWRA 2019 Education
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        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
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        • NWRA 2020 General
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      • NWRA 2021 >
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        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
      • NWRA 2022 >
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Parasite & Pathogens
        • NWRA 2022 General Rehabilitation Concepts
        • NWRA 2022 Compassion Fatigue
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Wildlife Medicine
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    • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 >
        • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status
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        • Sea Otter 2019 Physiology
        • Sea Otter 2019 Genetics
        • Sea Otter 2019 General
    • Cephalopod Symposium >
      • Cephalopod Symposium 2019 >
        • Cephalopod 2019 Presentations
    • ​Global Online Animal Training Summit (GOATS) >
      • GOATS 2021 Presentations
    • Minorities in Aquarium and Zoo Science (MIAZS) >
      • MIAZS
    • Effects of Oil on Wildlife (EOW) >
      • EOW 2022 >
        • EOW 2022 Plenary
        • EOW 2022 New Tools
        • EOW 2022 Training the Next Generation
        • EOW 2022 Responder Management
        • EOW 2022 Integrating Wildlife Into the Larger Oil Spill Response
        • EOW 2022 Rehab, Research, and Pathology
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Business Operations Abstracts

Aquariums in the 21st Century:
Meeting Global Challenges
​with Regional Solutions


Chris Andrews,
Merlin Entertainments Group
(SEA LIFE Global)



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SEA LIFE (part of the Merlin Entertainments Group) is the largest global operator of public aquariums, with 47 facilities in 15 countries across four continents. Each year over 20 million people visit a SEA LIFE aquarium. Despite the company’s continued growth in recent years, and planned future growth, these are challenging times for public aquariums, with overall decreasing popularity and rising concerns from the public regarding the keeping of some wild animals in human care. This paper will identify some of the key global challenges faced by public aquariums, and outline possible solutions identified by Merlin related to, for example, the development and maintenance of the highest standards of animal care and effective disease control, ethical and sustainable sourcing of animals, staff recruitment, training and retention, and the need to identify and enhance education and in situ conservation impacts and outcomes. Examples of inter- and intra-organizational partnerships will be provided, and the importance of support and involvement with regional accrediting and professional industry organizations will be emphasized, as will the need to seek innovative approaches to impact ocean conservation in a clear and demonstrable way.

​Aquarium Business 2020:
New Markets, New Generations
and New Opportunities


Elena Kazlas,
ConsultEcon, Inc


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In recent years, aquariums have been recovering from the economic recession of 2008 and a resurgence of new aquarium development, expansion and renovation has occurred. Aquariums still tend to be price and attendance leaders in their respective markets, and, therefore, vital as community resources for economic development. However, perhaps the greatest benefit of aquariums is that aquariums have the capacity to excite audiences’ inherent fascination with aquatic life as a basis to educate and foster stewardship of our precious marine and fresh water ecosystems. Global market characteristics are changing: China is struggling with aging population and diminishing younger population, while in India, 65% of its population is under 35 years old. Each aquarium’s market is unique, however all aquariums need to address changing market dynamics. This presentation will be a review of new markets for aquarium development worldwide; the business and market sustainability of aquariums as it relates to changing demographics in aquarium markets; and new opportunities that emerge for aquariums in the areas of earned revenue and visitation growth. This work will be developed from ConsultEcon’s international aquarium experience and an international survey that Ms. Kazlas will conduct in June 2016 of aquarium leaders and colleagues as a continuation of Ms. Kazlas’ previous study presented as the business session keynote address during the IAC 2012. Successful examples of how select aquariums and other visitor attractions are addressing these market changes to increase earned revenue potential, to attract new audiences and to sustain attendance, will be presented. In addition, Ms. Kazlas will present an overview of the future of the aquarium industry internationally to address key questions: Are there too many aquariums? Are they sustainable? What is the market for more aquariums worldwide? What is the intersection of aquariums with the “real” world, e.g. changing demographics, competition, perception, and conservation.

Surviving and Thriving Through Construction of Seattle's New Waterfront

Robert W. Davidson,
Seattle Aquarium


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Here’s the story of how the ninth largest aquarium in the USA, located along Seattle’s waterfront, has navigated an earthquake, three years of construction replacing the city’s seawall, eight years of political and public debate over dueling plans to replace the elevated highway running along the waterfront, the decision to bore a tunnel under the city and the drama and frustration of the world’s largest deep bore drilling machine stuck under the city for two years. All in the context of grand scale planning for a new Waterfront Park by a renowned New York design firm working with a 34-member citizens committee. Hear how in the midst of these events the Seattle Aquarium assembled its own design team to lay out its expansion vision with much stakeholder input, gained city approval for the Aquarium’s master plan and completed a campus concept design. All of that and the first shovel on the Aquarium’s expansion is still at least four years away. There are lessons for other aquariums in this story, whose end is not yet in sight.
Breaking the Mold -
Developing Creative Diversity
​in a Husbandry Team


Tinus Beukes,
Two Oceans Aquarium


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Public aquariums are increasingly committing to elevating exhibits from humble glass boxes that keep fishes, to beautiful works of art. Marketing new exhibits by emphasizing their aesthetic appeal along the lines of “living art” has become common practice. Despite this emphasis, most advertisements for husbandry positions at public aquariums continue to favor scientists, typically requiring a B.sc. degree for employment as an entry-level aquarist. Qualified visual artists are inadvertently excluded, fated to apply their skills as hobbyists, or finding expression in commercial aquascaping companies. Is it desirable and possible to redress this imbalance? What are the challenges, benefits and risks in pursuing a relaxed employment policy that encourages the inclusion of artists in a husbandry team? How does one mentor a qualified artist to become a competent aquarist? This presentation provides answers by examining the history and development of the husbandry team at one of the leading public aquariums on the African continent. The Two Oceans Aquarium has thrived over the last twenty years by utilizing an employment policy that value staff diversity beyond scientific qualification, enabling the appointment and mentoring of visual artists to rise to senior levels on the husbandry team. Practical insight is presented, including objective criteria for evaluating artistic candidates. The presentation highlights the invaluable benefits of increased staff diversity, and demonstrates how fostering creative potential affords new ways of thinking, - imagining and of connecting visitors with our exhibits and the broader environment.
The Importance of Mentorship in an Aquarium – Illustrated by the Art of Operating a Life Support System

Tony McEwan,
​uShaka Sea World


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South Africa does not have a reserve of qualified and experienced senior aquarists, as there are only two large public aquariums. Vocational studies in aquaculture, ichthyology and marine biology are available at tertiary education institutions, but there are no dedicated aquariology courses in the country. For this reason, uShaka Sea World is developing a project-based mentoring programme as part of its staff succession planning. Mentoring is seen as a way of transferring vocational and institutional knowledge from experienced to new staff members. Good mentors not only pass on their technical, managerial, interpretive, observation and problem solving skills, but also their integrity and ethics. Matching mentors to trainees will be critical to the success of the programme. We believe that a mentorship programme will help develop junior staff members who do not have the requisite academic qualifications or experience, for more specialised or senior positions in the aquarium. The benefits of the proposed mentorship programme are described in this presentation, using the example of an experienced aquarist teaching a new staff member the ‘ART’ of operating a Life Support System (LSS) in the aquarium. Where the aquarist does not only need knowledge and expertise, but also the appropriate attitude and values to ensure efficient and effective welfare of the animals in their care. The junior staff not only has to operate and manage equipment and systems they have to manage resultant water quality and the animals held in the exhibit. So technical, managerial, interpretive and experiential animal observation skills are passed on from the mentor.
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