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        • ABMA 2011 >
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      • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
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      • Aquality >
        • Aquality 2014 >
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      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
        • AALSO 2015 >
          • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights Abstracts
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        • AALSO 2016 >
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        • AALSO 2017 >
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        • AALSO 2019 >
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      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
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      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
        • ISHS 2016 >
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        • ISHS 2018 >
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      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
          • NWRA 2018 Keynote Abstract
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        • NWRA 2019 >
          • NWRA 2019 Keynote Abstract
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        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
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        • NWRA 2021 >
          • NWRA 2021 Avian Abstracts
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          • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel Abstract
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
          • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status Abstracts
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      • Cephalopod Symposium >
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      • ​Global Online Animal Training Summit (GOATS) Abstracts >
        • GOATS 2021 Presentations
      • Effects of Oil on Wildlife (EOW) Abstracts >
        • Effects of Oil on Wildlife (EOW) 2022 Abstracts >
          • EOW 2022 Plenary Abstracts
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    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
        • ABMA 2011 Pre-Conference >
          • ABMA 2011 Avalanche Rescue Dog
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        • ABMA 2012 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2012 Keynote Hal Markowitz
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          • ABMA 2012 Measuring Enrichment Efficacy
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      • ABMA 2013 >
        • ABMA 2013 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2013 Keynote Dr. Ian Sterling
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      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2015 Keynote Ken Ramirez
        • ABMA 2015 Papers >
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Tuesday
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Thursday
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        • ABMA 2015 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2015 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2016 >
        • ABMA 2016 Papers >
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Monday
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        • ABMA 2016 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2016 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
        • ABMA 2017 Papers >
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Monday
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          • ABMA 2017 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2017 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
          • ABMA 2017 Shape of Enrichment
      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
        • ABMA 2018 Papers >
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Monday
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        • ABMA 2018 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2018 Research and Evaluation Workshop
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          • ABMA 2018 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
        • ABMA 2019 Papers >
          • ABMA 2019 Monday Papers
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        • ABMA 2019 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2019 Research and Evaluation Workshop
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          • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
        • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion >
          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
      • ABMA 2021 >
        • ABMA 2021 Thursday
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        • ABMA 2021 Saturday
      • ABMA 2022 >
        • ABMA 2022 Tuesday
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      • IMATA ABMA 2023 >
        • IMATA ABMA 2023 Papers >
          • IMATA ABMA 2023 Monday Formal Presentations
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    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
        • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop >
          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
        • ICEE 2011 Talks >
          • ICEE 2011 Talks Invited
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 1
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          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 3
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          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 7
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 8
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 9
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 10
        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
        • RAW 2012 Presentations >
          • RAW 2012 Training
          • RAW 2012 Water Quality and Filtration
          • RAW 2012 Propagation
          • RAW 2012 Freshwater
          • RAW 2012 Aquarium and Population Management
          • RAW 2012 Crustacean Health
          • RAW 2012 Elasmobranchs
          • RAW 2012 Collection, Transport, and Acclimation
          • RAW 2012 Conservation
          • RAW 2012 Exhibits and Animal Health
      • RAW 2013 >
        • RAW 2013 Presentations >
          • RAW 2013 Conservation
          • RAW 2013 Animal Management and Training
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      • RAW 2014 >
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          • RAW 2014 Tuesday
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      • RAW 2015 >
        • RAW 2015 Presentations >
          • RAW 2015 New Projects and Exhibits
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          • RAW 2015 Husbandry
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          • RAW 2015 LSS and WQ
          • RAW 2015 Animal Health
          • RAW 2015 Conservation & Research
          • RAW 2015 The End!
      • RAW 2016 >
        • RAW 2016 Presentations >
          • RAW 2016 Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table
          • RAW 2016 Husbandry
          • RAW 2016 Conservation and Propagation
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          • RAW 2016 LSS and Quarantine
          • RAW 2016 Exhibit Design and Lighting
          • RAW 2016 Training and Enrichment
      • RAW 2017 >
        • RAW 2017 Presentations >
          • RAW 2017 Research and Conservation
          • RAW 2017 Culturing
          • RAW 2017 Husbandry
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          • RAW 2017 Medical
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      • RAW 2018 >
        • RAW 2018 Presentations >
          • RAW 2018 Coral Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Shark Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships Panel Discussion
          • RAW 2018 Guest Programs
          • RAW 2018 Workforce Development
          • RAW 2018 Animal Behavior
          • RAW 2018 Veterinary Care, Nutrition & Animal Handling
          • RAW 2018 Life Support & Water Quality
      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
          • RAW 2019 Freshwater Mussel
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Elasmobranch
          • RAW 2019 Collection Sustainability
          • RAW 2019 Coral Culture
          • RAW 2019 LSS & Exhibitry
          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
          • RAW 2019 Animal Health
        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
          • RAW 2019 Aquatic Animal Welfare Discussion
        • RAW 2019 TAG Meetings >
          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
      • RAW 2022 >
        • RAW 2022 Health Management
        • RAW 2022 Husbandry Techniques
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        • RAW 2022 Diversity, Equity, Access and Inclusivity
        • RAW 2022 Corals
        • RAW 2022 Conservation
        • RAW 2022 Morning Buzz
        • RAW 2022 Husbandry Techniques 2
        • RAW 2022 Sustainable Collections
      • RAW 2023 >
        • RAW 2023 Animal Welfare / Wellbeing & Welfare / Wellbeing Assessment
        • RAW 2023 Husbandry Techniques 1
        • RAW 2023 Freshwater Mussels
        • RAW 2023 Coral Reef Conservation
        • RAW 2023 Rescues/ Broodstock Management/Genebanking
        • RAW 2023 Land-based Nurseries and Sexual Propagation
        • RAW 2023 Conservation
        • RAW 2023 Conservation 2
        • RAW 2023 MORNING BUZZ
        • RAW 2023 Sustainable Collections
        • RAW 2023 Life Support / Knowledge Retention
        • RAW 2023 Husbandry Techniques 2
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Tuesday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Wednesday
      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
      • AALSO 2021 >
        • AALSO 2021 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2021 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2021 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2021 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2021 Greening Up LSS
      • AALSO 2022 >
        • AALSO 2022 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2022 Making It Work
        • AALSO 2022 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2022 Program Management Series
      • AALSO 2023 >
        • AALSO 2023 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2023 Water Quality
        • AALSO 2023 Making It Work
        • AALSO 2023 LSS & Exhibits
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
        • IAC 2016 Aquarium Education
        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
        • ISHS 2018 Wednesday Presentations
    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA Education Tracks >
        • Avian Basics Track
        • Basics of Wildlife Rehabilitation 1 Track
        • Mammal Basics Track
        • Reptile Basics Track
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
      • NWRA 2022 >
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Parasite & Pathogens
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Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table Abstracts



The Legislative Conservation Status of the Sand Tiger Shark (Carcharias taurus)

Joe Choromanski, 
​Ripley's Aquarium



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The current legislative conservation status of the sand tiger shark varies by population, ocean and country. The entire population is viewed as VULNERABLE under the IUCN Red List with certain distinct populations in the SW Atlantic and both coasts of Australia as CRITICALLY ENDANGERED. This brief presentation will provide additional details on their legislative protection status.
Development and Dissemination of Tools to Access Reproductive Status of Sand Tiger Sharks (Carcharias taurus) and Advance the Field of Assisted Reproduction in Sharks

Jennifer Wyffels,
South East Zoo Alliance for
​Reproduction & Conservation (SEZARC)


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Nearly a quarter of all elasmobranchs, including the sand tiger shark, are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Despite a long history of husbandry for sand tiger sharks dating back to the 1930’s, reproduction under managed care has been mostly unsuccessful. In 2014, the Florida Aquarium and North Carolina Aquariums, joined the South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation (SEZARC) to spearhead a growing consortium of AZA institutions to work on a holistic approach of ensuring propagation of sand tiger sharks in aquaria. Understanding the reproductive seasonality of sand tiger sharks under managed care is the foundation for reproductive success. Focusing on the male, enzyme-linked hormone assays (EIA) have been validated for testosterone and serial dilutions (range=neat to 1:128) of pooled plasma yielded displacement curves parallel to the standard curve and recovery of known amounts of testosterone (0.002 – 1.0 ng/ml) added to pools of diluted plasma (1:100,) was 107% (y=0.9691x-0.0003, r2=0.999). Sharks (n=7) were sampled quarterly (n=3) or once or twice a year (n=4) for semen collection. Spermic ejaculates (range ~7-105 ml) were obtained in all months sampled (Jan, March, April, May, June, July, October, and December) but motile sperm were obtained only in March (n=1), April (n=2), May (n=2) and June (n=1) supporting seasonality for semen production. Additionally, semen from males under managed care that were collected in April and May were not able to be collected within 30 days suggesting a possible finite annual semen production period. Aquarium and husbandry professionals have committed their institutional knowledge, experience, and resources to enable this highly collaborative multi-institutional reproductive research with the goal of rapidly generating and disseminating information to advance the field of assisted reproductive technology for these and other shark species under managed care.

​
Botox as a Possible Treatment for Spinal Problems in Sand Tiger Sharks


Dr. Rob Jones and Sam Gilchrist,
The Aquarium Vet


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Spinal problems (including scoliosis and kyphosis) are relatively common problems in Sand Tiger (Carcharias taurus) sharks maintained in captivity. A novel treatment using Botox has been trialed in one shark at the Manly SeaLife Sanctuary, Australia, with promising results over the past three years. The rationale for using Botox and a discussion of the procedure and outcome will be discussed.
Update on the Development of
​Assisted Reproduction in Elasmobranchs and the Wild Shark Rescues


Dr. Rob Jones and Jon Daly,
The Aquarium Vet


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Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) include sperm collection and quality assessment, sperm cryopreservation, artificial insemination, and monitoring female reproductive condition and gestation via ultrasound. As a greater emphasis is placed on self-sustaining aquarium populations, ARTs will become an increasingly important component of breeding programs for elasmobranchs in aquaria. Ongoing research at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, Australia, aims to create a basis for future use of ARTs in elasmobranchs in aquaria worldwide. This is to ensure sustainable captive populations of elasmobranchs, as well as having the potential for conservation of species in the future. An update on the current status of ARTs and future areas of research will be discussed. I will also update on the wild Sand Tiger (Carcharias taurus) shark rescues that are occurring in Australia.
​New York Aquarium's New York Seascape Program and Sand Tiger Shark Field Research in the Great South Bay

Dave DeNardo, 
​New York Aquarium


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The 16,000 square miles of ocean from Montauk, New York, to Cape May, New Jersey, are an ecological treasure trove, providing critical migration routes for globally threatened animals, including sea turtles, whales and sharks, as well as nursery grounds and critical habitat for hundreds of species. These are also among the busiest waters in the world, with over 22 million people along the coastline. The main goal of the Wildlife Conservation Societies New York Seascape Program is to ensure a safe place for marine wildlife among the many competing human uses including shipping, energy development, and commercial and recreational fishing. One of the specific strategies to obtain this goal is to conduct field research; this research is conducted in order to understand the migratory and habitat use of key species. The main research project being carried out in the Great South Bay of Long Island is the equipping sand tiger sharks with acoustic tags. Between 2012 and 2015 27 sand tiger sharks have been tagged and through this effort an important nursery ground has been identified. The outcome of this project and the many others being conducted by the New York Seascape Program will be highlighted in the interruptive graphics in the New York Aquarium’s new Ocean Wonders: Shark! exhibit.
Sand Tiger Sharks and the Graveyard of the Atlantic: Understanding the Role of this Critical Habitat

Hap Fatzinger,
​North Carolina Aquariums


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No abstract
Internal Acoustic Transceivers Reveal
​the Annual Social Network Patterns
in a Coastal Predator


Danielle Haulsee,
University of Delaware


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Sand Tigers (Carcharias taurus) are large apex predators resident in the coastal ocean along the Eastern US Coast. Although Delaware Bay and surrounding coastal waters are known summer “hot spots” for Sand Tigers, our understanding of their seasonal movements is less well known. Since 2007, we have implanted more than 300 VEMCO acoustic transmitters in Sand Tigers, which have been detected from Cape Canaveral, Florida to Long Island, New York by collaborators in the Atlantic Cooperative Telemetry (ACT) Network. During the summer of 2012, 20 Sand Tigers were implanted with VEMCO Mobile Transceivers (VMTs), which are capable of both transmitting and receiving coded acoustic pings. To date, two of the 20 sharks have been recaptured, and their VMTs recovered. VMTs recorded detections of 350 individuals, from 8 different species. We analyzed their intra- and interspecific social network, which allowed us to reconstruct the approximate locations of Sand Tigers throughout the year. Changes in the interspecific population dynamics throughout the year revealed evidence of fission-fusion social behavior, which is common in mammals, but rarely documented in non-mammalian species. This project is a unique look at the social network of an apex predator and is a useful model for studies quantifying the social structures of marine animals. In addition, understanding how the aggregations of this species changes (in terms of sex and size class segregation) on spatiotemporal scales is critical for effective protection of the species and will be useful as managers develop conservation plans along the East Coast.
Call for Sand Tiger Shark Data to
Analyze Captive Health and
​Potential Reproductive Cues


Emily F. Christiansen and Christian Legner, North Carolina Aquariums


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Full Abstract
In December 2015, the first sand tiger shark reproduction workshop was held at the White Oak Conservation Center. The workshop brought together aquarium personnel and researchers to create a vision and strategy for sustainable sand tiger shark populations under managed care and in the wild. During the meeting the need for increased information sharing about captive care, reproductive techniques, and wild populations was recognized as a vital conservation tool.
With numerous US facilities keeping sand tiger sharks for public display, the aquarium industry is poised to contribute on a large scale to sand tiger shark conservation in the face of declining wild populations, as well as sustainability and optimal husbandry for the display population. Many institutions are joining with the South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction and Conservation (SEZARC) in the process of developing reproductive techniques on adult sand tigers in captivity, including semen collection, preservation, and artificial insemination.
One vital component of this project is to identify parameters that may support successful captive reproduction and rearing of this species. To this end, the participants of the working groups would like to call on facilities caring for sand tiger sharks to contribute information on husbandry practices, behavior, nutrition, veterinary care, and outcomes. In order to create a comprehensive set of data that will allow researchers to compare variables on a large scale, we hope to collect holistic information from the time of animal collection to postmortem examination. We will present the framework for the data that is requested as well as a discussion of how the data will be collected, stored, and utilized for scientific gain.
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