Ozone and Fractionation Abstracts
Foam Fractionation for Aquaria
Thoram Chranda PhD, Guardian Manufacturing Watch Video (Login required) Full Abstract
No abstract |
Ozone in Aquaria Safe Installations and Application - The SEA LIFE Way
Stefan Inselmann, SEA LIFE - Merlin Entertainments Group Watch Video (Login required) Full Abstract
Ozone has been successfully used in aquaria for decades, with undoubted benefits to water quality. However, there are many misconceptions about ozone system design and installation, appropriate applied ozone dosage rates, and ozone control mechanisms, resulting in risk to both animals and operators. A thorough analysis of different available systems has led to a worldwide Merlin Entertainments policy regarding ozone and its implementation. Only safe vacuum ozone systems are installed, in compliance with strict German ozone regulation. Health and safety controls, and associated alarms, as well as safe dosage of ozone using a combination of established concepts such as AOD (applied ozone dose), regular checks for TRO (total residual oxidants) and controlling systems via ORP (oxidation reduction potential) probes, are employed. |
Energy and Maintenance Cost Savings via Air-fed Ozone Generation:
Atlantis, Paradise Island Brian Oblisk, Atlantis, Paradise Island Watch Video (Login required) Full Abstract
Oxygen-fed ozone generator systems are more mechanically complicated and require more energy per gram of ozone produced than do air-fed ozone generator systems. When used in conjunction with pressurized ozone contact chambers, oxygen-fed generators create a disequilibrium of dissolved gas concentrations in process water and, when a gas-exchange column is not present as part of the treatment stream, within exhibit waters. At Atlantis Bahamas’ Dolphin Cay an oxygen-fed ozone generator system was designed and installed to work in conjunction with pressure contact vessels, but without a gas-exchange column. Over time, dissolved oxygen concentration in Dolphin Cay increased until it exceeded the upper measurable limit of a hand-held sensor. Nominal energy consumption of the oxygen-fed ozone system was 97.9 kilowatts. Mechanical system complexity and the sophistication of electronic controls for the oxygen-fed system proved unreliable in the high humidity and inconsistent power supply prevalent in the Bahamas. Frequent mechanical failures eventually led to replacement of the oxygen-fed system with an air-fed ozone generation system, which was favored by its simpler mechanical system and more stable electronics. The air-fed ozone generation system proved to be more mechanically reliable and nominal energy costs dropped to 50.8 kilowatts; nearly half the cost to operate the oxygen-fed system. Dissolved oxygen concentrations correspondingly dropped to 110%. |
Noise Reduction and Energy Saving in LSS
Aldo van Tongeren, Arbo Pumps Filters Watch Video (Login required) Full Abstract
Like in the human body, the pump is the heartbeat of a Life Support System (hereafter called LSS). These systems rely on pumps creating flow and for driving the various filtration processes. Many LSS pumps, however, generate high noise levels, degrading the pump to an important sound source in the LSS environment. A combination of suction piping lay-out and the use of variable speed control for energy saving may have unexpected negative effects, if in the design stage duty points have not been determined correctly. When pumps operate at a lower speed or discharge pressure than originally calculated, but at the designed flow rate, there is a higher vibration risk and even cavitation is possible. In such situation, the pumps will be noisier. Higher cavitation risk and subsequent additional noise can be expected also when pumps are running at design speed, but when delivery head is failing. In both situations the dutypoint of the pump is drifting away from its best efficiency point (hereafter called BEP). With respect to noise and vibration, material hardness (reflectivity), damping characteristics and absorption are keywords. From literature and general knowledge of mechanical material properties it can be explained that pumps made of thermoplastic material do absorb more and reflect less sound than pumps made of material with a higher hardness. Consequently, material choices of LSS pumps will be of influence to sound and vibrations levels in LSS. |
Ozone Management for Aquatic Life Support Systems Aquality I and II
Mark Smith, New England Aquarium Watch Video (Login required) Full Abstract
Ozone is an effective treatment resource capable of significantly improving water quality and water clarity in aquatic systems. When applied and managed appropriately ozone can ameliorate contaminants that degrade water quality. However, poorly controlled ozone dosing may result in persistent, highly reactive and toxic byproducts that can harm aquatic life. Reactive ozone by-products are collectively called residual oxidants. By understanding and using the concept of applied ozone dose (AOD), ozone can safely be applied and controlled to achieve desired benefits, while minimizing the risk of overdosing. Monitoring and recording oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), residual oxidants, water turbidity, animal behavior, and husbandry activities are an essential part of a comprehensive ozone-management strategy. |