AnimalProfessional.com
  • Home
  • Morale Boosters
  • Free Content
    • NextGEM >
      • NextGEM 2018 Presentations
    • Disaster Preparedness
    • Lake Victoria Videos and eBooks
    • IMLS - Zoo Elephant Welfare Study Findings
    • Conference Abstracts >
      • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
        • ABMA 2011 >
          • ABMA 2011 Avalanche Rescue Dog
          • ABMA 2011 Keynote Dr. Mellen Abstract
          • ABMA 2011 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Thursday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Workshops Abstracts
        • ABMA 2012 >
          • ABMA 2012 Keynote Hal Markowitz Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2012 Wednesday Abstrats
          • ABMA 2012 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2012 Measuring Enrichment Efficacy Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Training Safety Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Special Presentation Abstract
        • ABMA 2013 >
          • ABMA 2013 Keynote Dr. Ian Sterling Abstract
          • ABMA 2013 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Special Presentations Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
        • ABMA 2014 >
          • ABMA 2014 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Thursday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Friday Abstracts
        • ABMA 2015 >
          • ABMA 2015 Keynote Ken Ramirez Abstract
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Tuesday
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Thursday
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Saturday
          • ABMA 2015 Special Presentations Abstracts
        • ABMA 2016 >
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Monday
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Wednesday
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Friday
          • ABMA 2016 Special Presentations Abstracts
        • ABMA 2017 >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker Abstract
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Monday
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Wednesday
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Friday
          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2017 Shape of Enrichment Abstract
        • ABMA 2018 >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynote Abstracts Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
          • ABMA 2018 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2018 Special Presentations and Advanced Training Abstracts
        • ABMA 2019 >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
          • ABMA 2019 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations and Advanced Abstracts Training
          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics Abstract
      • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
        • ICEE 2011 >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench Abstract
          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan Abstract
          • ICEE 2011 Talks Invited Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 1 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 2 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 3 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 4 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 5 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 6 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 7 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 8 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 9 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 10 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration Abstracts
      • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
        • RAW 2012 >
          • RAW 2012 Training Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Water Quality and Filtration Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Freshwater Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Aquarium and Population Management Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Crustacean Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Elasmobranchs Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Collection, Transport, and Acclimation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Exhibits and Animal Health Abstracts
        • RAW 2013 >
          • RAW 2013 Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Animal Management and Training Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Natural Disaster Preparation and Recovery Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Exhibitry Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Live Collection Management Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Professional Development and Aquarist Training Abstracts
        • RAW 2014 >
          • RAW 2014 Tuesday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Wednesday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Thursday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Friday Abstracts
        • RAW 2015 >
          • RAW 2015 New Projects and Exhibits Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Training and Enrichment Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Elasmobranch Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 LSS and WQ Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Conservation & Research Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 The End! Abstracts
        • RAW 2016 >
          • RAW 2016 Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Conservation and Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Animal Transport Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 LSS and Quarantine Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Exhibit Design and Lighting Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Training and Enrichment Abstracts
        • RAW 2017 >
          • RAW 2017 Research and Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Culturing Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Personnel, LSS, and Exhibits Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Medical Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 AZA SAFE Speakers
        • RAW 2018 >
          • RAW 2018 Coral Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Shark Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Guest Programs Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Workforce Development Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Animal Behavior Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Veterinary Care, Nutrition & Animal Handling Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Life Support & Water Quality Abstracts
        • RAW 2019 >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentation Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Freshwater Mussel Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Elasmobranch Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Collection Sustainability Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Coral Culture Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 LSS & Exhibitry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Aquatic Animal Welfare Discussion Abstract
          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG) Abstract
      • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
        • IEHS 2013 >
          • IEHS 2013 Sustainability Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Health Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Husbandry Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II Abstracts
      • Aquality >
        • Aquality 2014 >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting Abstracts
      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
        • AALSO 2015 >
          • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
        • AALSO 2016 >
          • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives Abstracts
        • AALSO 2017 >
          • AALSO 2017 Monday Abstracts
          • AALSO 2017 Tuesday Abstracts
          • AALSO 2017 Wednesday Abstracts
        • AALSO 2018 >
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Monday
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Tuesday
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Wednesday
        • AALSO 2019 >
          • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series Abstracts
      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
          • IAC 2016 Keynote Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Field Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Conservation Education Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Business Operations Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Aquarium Education Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Public Outreach Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach Abstracts
      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
        • ISHS 2016 >
          • ISHS 2016 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ISHS 2016 Wednesday Abstracts
        • ISHS 2018 >
          • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ISHS 2018 Wednesday Abstracts
      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
          • NWRA 2018 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture Abstract
          • NWRA 2018 Administration Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Education Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival Abstracts
        • NWRA 2019 >
          • NWRA 2019 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Working Together Abstract
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Volunteers Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Reptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Disease Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Reuniting Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Post-release Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Education Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Mammals I Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101 Abstract
        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Avian 1 Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1 Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Data Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable Abstract
          • NWRA 2020 Herptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 General Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Veterinary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Waterbird Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Medications Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Toxicity Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach Abstracts
        • NWRA 2021 >
          • NWRA 2021 Avian Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Herptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Mammals Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Behavior Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Outreach Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Veterinary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel Abstract
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
          • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Ecology Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Conservation Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Veterinary Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Husbandry Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Physiology Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Genetics Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 General Abstracts
      • Cephalopod Symposium >
        • Cephalopod Symposium 2019 Abstracts >
          • Cephalopod 2019 Presentation Abstracts
    • #ChondroCensus
  • Member Content
    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
        • ABMA 2011 Pre-Conference >
          • ABMA 2011 Avalanche Rescue Dog
        • ABMA 2011 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2011 Keynote Dr. Mellen
        • ABMA 2011 Papers >
          • ABMA 2011 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2011 Tuesday Papers
          • ABMA 2011 Thursday Papers
        • ABMA 2011 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2011 Special Presentations
        • ABMA 2011 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2011 Workshops
      • ABMA 2012 >
        • ABMA 2012 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2012 Keynote Hal Markowitz
        • ABMA 2012 Papers >
          • ABMA 2012 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2012 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2012 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2012 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2012 Measuring Enrichment Efficacy
          • ABMA 2012 Training Safety Workshop
        • ABMA 2012 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2012 Special Presentation
      • ABMA 2013 >
        • ABMA 2013 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2013 Keynote Dr. Ian Sterling
        • ABMA 2013 Papers >
          • ABMA 2013 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2013 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2013 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2013 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2013 Special Presentations
        • ABMA 2013 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2013 Research and Evaluation Workshop
      • ABMA 2014 >
        • ABMA 2014 Papers >
          • ABMA 2014 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Thursday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Friday Papers
      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2015 Keynote Ken Ramirez
        • ABMA 2015 Papers >
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Tuesday
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Thursday
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Saturday
        • ABMA 2015 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2015 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2016 >
        • ABMA 2016 Papers >
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2016 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2016 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
        • ABMA 2017 Papers >
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2017 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
          • ABMA 2017 Shape of Enrichment
      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
        • ABMA 2018 Papers >
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2018 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2018 Research and Evaluation Workshop
        • ABMA 2018 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2018 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
        • ABMA 2019 Papers >
          • ABMA 2019 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2019 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2019 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2019 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2019 Research and Evaluation Workshop
        • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations >
          • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
        • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion >
          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
        • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop >
          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
        • ICEE 2011 Talks >
          • ICEE 2011 Talks Invited
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 1
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 2
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 3
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 4
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 5
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 6
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 7
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 8
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 9
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 10
        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
        • RAW 2012 Presentations >
          • RAW 2012 Training
          • RAW 2012 Water Quality and Filtration
          • RAW 2012 Propagation
          • RAW 2012 Freshwater
          • RAW 2012 Aquarium and Population Management
          • RAW 2012 Crustacean Health
          • RAW 2012 Elasmobranchs
          • RAW 2012 Collection, Transport, and Acclimation
          • RAW 2012 Conservation
          • RAW 2012 Exhibits and Animal Health
      • RAW 2013 >
        • RAW 2013 Presentations >
          • RAW 2013 Conservation
          • RAW 2013 Animal Management and Training
          • RAW 2013 Animal Health
          • RAW 2013 Natural Disaster Preparation and Recovery
          • RAW 2013 Exhibitry
          • RAW 2013 Propagation
          • RAW 2013 Live Collection Management
          • RAW 2013 Professional Development and Aquarist Training
      • RAW 2014 >
        • RAW 2014 Presentations >
          • RAW 2014 Tuesday
          • RAW 2014 Wednesday
          • RAW 2014 Thursday
          • RAW 2014 Friday
      • RAW 2015 >
        • RAW 2015 Presentations >
          • RAW 2015 New Projects and Exhibits
          • RAW 2015 Training and Enrichment
          • RAW 2015 Elasmobranch Husbandry
          • RAW 2015 Husbandry
          • RAW 2015 Propagation
          • RAW 2015 LSS and WQ
          • RAW 2015 Animal Health
          • RAW 2015 Conservation & Research
          • RAW 2015 The End!
      • RAW 2016 >
        • RAW 2016 Presentations >
          • RAW 2016 Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table
          • RAW 2016 Husbandry
          • RAW 2016 Conservation and Propagation
          • RAW 2016 Animal Transport
          • RAW 2016 LSS and Quarantine
          • RAW 2016 Exhibit Design and Lighting
          • RAW 2016 Training and Enrichment
      • RAW 2017 >
        • RAW 2017 Presentations >
          • RAW 2017 Research and Conservation
          • RAW 2017 Culturing
          • RAW 2017 Husbandry
          • RAW 2017 Personnel, LSS, and Exhibits
          • RAW 2017 Medical
          • RAW 2017 AZA SAFE
      • RAW 2018 >
        • RAW 2018 Presentations >
          • RAW 2018 Coral Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Shark Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships Panel Discussion
          • RAW 2018 Guest Programs
          • RAW 2018 Workforce Development
          • RAW 2018 Animal Behavior
          • RAW 2018 Veterinary Care, Nutrition & Animal Handling
          • RAW 2018 Life Support & Water Quality
      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
          • RAW 2019 Freshwater Mussel
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Elasmobranch
          • RAW 2019 Collection Sustainability
          • RAW 2019 Coral Culture
          • RAW 2019 LSS & Exhibitry
          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
          • RAW 2019 Animal Health
        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
          • RAW 2019 Aquatic Animal Welfare Discussion
        • RAW 2019 TAG Meetings >
          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Tuesday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Wednesday
      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
        • IAC 2016 Aquarium Education
        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
        • ISHS 2018 Wednesday Presentations
    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Keynote
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Behavior
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
    • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 >
        • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status
        • Sea Otter 2019 Ecology
        • Sea Otter 2019 Conservation
        • Sea Otter 2019 Veterinary
        • Sea Otter 2019 Husbandry
        • Sea Otter 2019 Physiology
        • Sea Otter 2019 Genetics
        • Sea Otter 2019 General
    • Cephalopod Symposium >
      • Cephalopod Symposium 2019 >
        • Cephalopod 2019 Presentations
  • Contact
  • Search
  • Subscriptions
  • FAQs
Picture

General Session 3 Abstracts

FROM EXOTIC ANIMALS TO DOMESTICATED PET​S - EVENING UP THE ENRICHMENT PLAYING FIELD 
​
Nicole Nicassio-Hiskey
Oregon Zoo




Watch Video 
​
(Login required)​​
 
​
Full Abstract
For decades, improving environmental enrichment opportunities for exotic animals in zoos and aquariums has been the primary focus in the captive animal industry. Research and experience has shown the vast improvement environmental enrichment has made for captive animals in reducing stereotypy, boredom and destructive behavior. If enrichment is so successful with exotic animals why not offer more opportunities for enrichment to the millions of domesticated pets within our own homes? Traditionally, domesticated animals have guarded territory, herded livestock and worked farms. These animals​ had jobs and were stimulated daily. Today, similar pets live in small fenced-in yards and spend a large portion of their days alone and waiting for their owners to come home. Many pets become bored and boredom leads to destructive behaviors like barking, chewing and house soiling. This paper will discuss some of the similarities and differences between enriching exotic and domesticated animals and the challenges, risks and benefits for both. It will also present to professional pet trainers/handlers several examples of enrichment opportunities for domesticated animals. 

ENRICHMENT WORKS BETTER
WHEN WE WORK TOGETHER!



​Amy Davis,
Woodland Park Zoo


Watch Video 
​
(Login required)​​
 
​
Full Abstract
We are better able to care for our animals working together with different departments around zoo grounds. Zookeepers can collaborate with different zoo programs for the betterment of the animals. Working together we can:

  • Increase communication between departments
  • Give people experiences and connections with animals, who would otherwise have no opportunity to do so
  • Provide enrichment for children and animals
  • Facilitate opportunities for education
  • Have a powerful impact at low cost!


At Woodland Park Zoo, we have several multi-departmental enrichment programs including:
Browse Gardens: Zookeepers work together with Horticulture and Administration staff to create enrichment gardens. Communicating with horticulture the needs and preferences of the animals and then collaborating with them to get gardens started, afterwards either keepers or administration staff care for the gardens. Keepers care for animal specific gardens and administration staff cares for the zoo wide garden, with assistance as needed from Horticulture. 
Meerkat Enrichment: WPZ has an Overnights program, in the Education Department, where families make enrichment for meerkats and keepers give it out before our zoo opens during a private showing for the artists who created it. 
Piñatas: In Educations’ Day Camps program, kids make piñatas; after a few days of assembling and decorating the Keeper adds treats and gives them to the animals. 
People and animals involved in each example benefit from working together. Our animals receive enrichment, and people gain better understanding on our animals’ natural behaviors and the importance of enrichment to their well-being.​
​​
​
​
THE LACK OF SUBSTRATE USE IN ZOOS


Hilda Tresz,
Phoenix Zoo


Watch Video 
​
(Login required)​​
 
​
Full Abstract
The number of zoos and other facilities that continue to house their animals on bare surfaces is alarming. For more than 2000 years zoos have been keeping animals in captivity yet the picture today could be the same for the most part. Empty cages with solitary animals staring at nothing, shivering in the cold or trying to find some shade from the heat, hiding in crevices and doing whatever they can to protect their feet from the hot, cold, wet, hard concrete. Lack of stimuli often causes them to sway or pace back and forth until their feet crack from the unforgiving surface. This in turn results in them licking their wounds, which of course will only cause further problems. If the animals are lucky, they have some of their conspecifics sharing the same misery, although aggression is more likely increased due to boredom and breeding is often decreased due to lack of proper surface.  This presentation will discuss the many negative effects of lack of substrate and will point out not only the simplicity of providing deep litter but the numerous positive effects providing substrate can have on animals. 

​CREATIVE EXHIBIT ROTATION AS AN ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND ENRICHMENT TOOL 

Marla Tullio
Seattle Aquarium


Watch Video 
​
(Login required)​​
 
​
Full Abstract
The marine mammal exhibits at the Seattle Aquarium have housed northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) and northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus since opening in 1977. Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsii) were originally housed in this complex but now live in a separate exhibit. For decades, exhibit design insufficiencies limited animal management options. Although the main sea otter exhibit includes a small adjacent holding pool, which can be used for brief separations and shifting during pool cleans, the fur seals could not be separated and all animal training, exhibit cleaning and maintenance was accomplished with the entire collection remaining on exhibit. This paper will outline how exhibit limitations were overcome using creative training and enrichment strategies. Individual animals as well as groups were trained to transfer between exhibits using keeper service areas in various sequences in order to successfully rotate animals among the exhibits to meet our management needs. Communication tools such as the use of magnetic boards, dry erase boards and radio calls between staff ensure the safety and success of temporary rotation and avoid the potential of inadvertently mixing species. Training, enrichment and husbandry protocols had to be evaluated and modified in order to make successful rotation possible. Due to limited public viewing of the marine mammal exhibits, temporary rotation has allowed us to move highlighted species to prime viewing locations during heavy crowds and provides our guests and animals with variety.
PARROT ENRICHMENT IN MIXED SPECIES ENCLOSURES: SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE ENRICHMENT AS IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF ANIMAL WELFARE
Nadja Ziegler, 
Ombuds Office for Animal Protection, Austrian Parrot Protection Society


Watch Video 
​
(Login required)​​
 
​
Full Abstract
The Parrot Sanctuary Vienna, operated by the Austrian Parrot Protection Society,  keeps about 130 large parrots in mixed species exhibits. To ensure a high standard of animal welfare, a wide range of enrichment tools and methods are used.
Social enrichment is provided by conspecifics, human visitors and researchers who conduct non-invasive studies on animal cognition biology. Cognitive enrichment (game playing) is very well received by the birds, considerably improving the results of scientific studies.  

Furthermore, to meet the needs for chewing and gnawing, the birds are provided with natural structures, man-made materials and other objects including dog beds made of willow or cat trees. Food enrichment is included in the daily routine: fruit spears, sugar cane swings, food-rewarding toys and the dispersion of palm fruits represent the highlights of the day. 
Indoors, showers and baths are provided by the keepers; the outdoor aviaries are equipped with a spray-irrigation system. Aviary structures must meet a variety of requirements; the materials need to be diverse (wood, rope, stone, etc.), sufficiently abundant, safe, chewable, preferably fresh and strategically positioned. Human furniture such as shelves, tables, chairs and cupboards will always be of interest for the birds. Changes in the position of objects are made under consideration for parrot territories and neophobic behaviour. 
The sanctuary further offers two specialities: the socialisation of former single-kept private birds, which are provided with “free mate selection” within a group of parrots, and the successful keeping of a group of handicapped parrots.
Proudly powered by Weebly
  • Home
  • Morale Boosters
  • Free Content
    • NextGEM >
      • NextGEM 2018 Presentations
    • Disaster Preparedness
    • Lake Victoria Videos and eBooks
    • IMLS - Zoo Elephant Welfare Study Findings
    • Conference Abstracts >
      • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
        • ABMA 2011 >
          • ABMA 2011 Avalanche Rescue Dog
          • ABMA 2011 Keynote Dr. Mellen Abstract
          • ABMA 2011 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Thursday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2011 Workshops Abstracts
        • ABMA 2012 >
          • ABMA 2012 Keynote Hal Markowitz Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2012 Wednesday Abstrats
          • ABMA 2012 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2012 Measuring Enrichment Efficacy Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Training Safety Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2012 Special Presentation Abstract
        • ABMA 2013 >
          • ABMA 2013 Keynote Dr. Ian Sterling Abstract
          • ABMA 2013 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Special Presentations Abstracts
          • ABMA 2013 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
        • ABMA 2014 >
          • ABMA 2014 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Thursday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2014 Friday Abstracts
        • ABMA 2015 >
          • ABMA 2015 Keynote Ken Ramirez Abstract
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Tuesday
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Thursday
          • ABMA 2015 Abstracts Saturday
          • ABMA 2015 Special Presentations Abstracts
        • ABMA 2016 >
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Monday
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Wednesday
          • ABMA 2016 Abstracts Friday
          • ABMA 2016 Special Presentations Abstracts
        • ABMA 2017 >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker Abstract
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Monday
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Wednesday
          • ABMA 2017 Abstracts Friday
          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2017 Shape of Enrichment Abstract
        • ABMA 2018 >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynote Abstracts Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
          • ABMA 2018 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2018 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2018 Special Presentations and Advanced Training Abstracts
        • ABMA 2019 >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
          • ABMA 2019 Monday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Wednesday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Friday Abstracts
          • ABMA 2019 Research and Evaluation Workshop Abstract
          • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations and Advanced Abstracts Training
          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics Abstract
      • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
        • ICEE 2011 >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench Abstract
          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan Abstract
          • ICEE 2011 Talks Invited Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 1 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 2 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 3 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 4 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 5 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 6 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 7 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 8 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 9 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 10 Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry Abstracts
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration Abstracts
      • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
        • RAW 2012 >
          • RAW 2012 Training Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Water Quality and Filtration Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Freshwater Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Aquarium and Population Management Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Crustacean Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Elasmobranchs Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Collection, Transport, and Acclimation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2012 Exhibits and Animal Health Abstracts
        • RAW 2013 >
          • RAW 2013 Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Animal Management and Training Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Natural Disaster Preparation and Recovery Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Exhibitry Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Live Collection Management Abstracts
          • RAW 2013 Professional Development and Aquarist Training Abstracts
        • RAW 2014 >
          • RAW 2014 Tuesday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Wednesday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Thursday Abstracts
          • RAW 2014 Friday Abstracts
        • RAW 2015 >
          • RAW 2015 New Projects and Exhibits Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Training and Enrichment Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Elasmobranch Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 LSS and WQ Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 Conservation & Research Abstracts
          • RAW 2015 The End! Abstracts
        • RAW 2016 >
          • RAW 2016 Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Conservation and Propagation Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Animal Transport Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 LSS and Quarantine Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Exhibit Design and Lighting Abstracts
          • RAW 2016 Training and Enrichment Abstracts
        • RAW 2017 >
          • RAW 2017 Research and Conservation Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Culturing Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Personnel, LSS, and Exhibits Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 Medical Abstracts
          • RAW 2017 AZA SAFE Speakers
        • RAW 2018 >
          • RAW 2018 Coral Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Shark Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Guest Programs Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Workforce Development Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Animal Behavior Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Veterinary Care, Nutrition & Animal Handling Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Life Support & Water Quality Abstracts
        • RAW 2019 >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentation Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Freshwater Mussel Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Elasmobranch Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Collection Sustainability Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Coral Culture Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 LSS & Exhibitry Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Animal Health Abstracts
          • RAW 2019 Aquatic Animal Welfare Discussion Abstract
          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG) Abstract
      • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
        • IEHS 2013 >
          • IEHS 2013 Sustainability Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Health Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Husbandry Abstracts
          • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II Abstracts
      • Aquality >
        • Aquality 2014 >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification Abstracts
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting Abstracts
      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
        • AALSO 2015 >
          • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme Abstracts
          • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
        • AALSO 2016 >
          • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific Abstracts
          • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives Abstracts
        • AALSO 2017 >
          • AALSO 2017 Monday Abstracts
          • AALSO 2017 Tuesday Abstracts
          • AALSO 2017 Wednesday Abstracts
        • AALSO 2018 >
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Monday
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Tuesday
          • AALSO 2018 Abstracts Wednesday
        • AALSO 2019 >
          • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series Abstracts
          • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series Abstracts
      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
          • IAC 2016 Keynote Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Field Conservation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Conservation Education Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Business Operations Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Aquarium Education Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Public Outreach Abstracts
          • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach Abstracts
      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
        • ISHS 2016 >
          • ISHS 2016 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ISHS 2016 Wednesday Abstracts
        • ISHS 2018 >
          • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Abstracts
          • ISHS 2018 Wednesday Abstracts
      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
          • NWRA 2018 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture Abstract
          • NWRA 2018 Administration Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Education Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics Abstracts
          • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival Abstracts
        • NWRA 2019 >
          • NWRA 2019 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Working Together Abstract
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Volunteers Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Reptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Disease Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Reuniting Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Post-release Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Education Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Mammals I Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition Abstracts
          • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101 Abstract
        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Keynote Abstract
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Avian 1 Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1 Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Data Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable Abstract
          • NWRA 2020 Herptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 General Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Veterinary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Waterbird Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Medications Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Toxicity Abstracts
          • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach Abstracts
        • NWRA 2021 >
          • NWRA 2021 Avian Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Herptiles Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Mammals Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Behavior Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Outreach Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Veterinary Abstracts
          • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel Abstract
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
          • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Ecology Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Conservation Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Veterinary Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Husbandry Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Physiology Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 Genetics Abstracts
          • Sea Otter 2019 General Abstracts
      • Cephalopod Symposium >
        • Cephalopod Symposium 2019 Abstracts >
          • Cephalopod 2019 Presentation Abstracts
    • #ChondroCensus
  • Member Content
    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
        • ABMA 2011 Pre-Conference >
          • ABMA 2011 Avalanche Rescue Dog
        • ABMA 2011 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2011 Keynote Dr. Mellen
        • ABMA 2011 Papers >
          • ABMA 2011 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2011 Tuesday Papers
          • ABMA 2011 Thursday Papers
        • ABMA 2011 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2011 Special Presentations
        • ABMA 2011 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2011 Workshops
      • ABMA 2012 >
        • ABMA 2012 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2012 Keynote Hal Markowitz
        • ABMA 2012 Papers >
          • ABMA 2012 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2012 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2012 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2012 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2012 Measuring Enrichment Efficacy
          • ABMA 2012 Training Safety Workshop
        • ABMA 2012 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2012 Special Presentation
      • ABMA 2013 >
        • ABMA 2013 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2013 Keynote Dr. Ian Sterling
        • ABMA 2013 Papers >
          • ABMA 2013 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2013 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2013 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2013 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2013 Special Presentations
        • ABMA 2013 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2013 Research and Evaluation Workshop
      • ABMA 2014 >
        • ABMA 2014 Papers >
          • ABMA 2014 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Thursday Papers
          • ABMA 2014 Friday Papers
      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2015 Keynote Ken Ramirez
        • ABMA 2015 Papers >
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Tuesday
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Thursday
          • ABMA 2015 Papers Saturday
        • ABMA 2015 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2015 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2016 >
        • ABMA 2016 Papers >
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2016 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2016 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2016 Special Presentations
      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
        • ABMA 2017 Papers >
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2017 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2017 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
          • ABMA 2017 Shape of Enrichment
      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
        • ABMA 2018 Papers >
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Monday
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Wednesday
          • ABMA 2018 Papers Friday
        • ABMA 2018 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2018 Research and Evaluation Workshop
        • ABMA 2018 Extended Presentations >
          • ABMA 2018 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
        • ABMA 2019 Papers >
          • ABMA 2019 Monday Papers
          • ABMA 2019 Wednesday Papers
          • ABMA 2019 Friday Papers
        • ABMA 2019 Workshops >
          • ABMA 2019 Research and Evaluation Workshop
        • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations >
          • ABMA 2019 Special Presentations and Advanced Training
        • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion >
          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
        • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop >
          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
        • ICEE 2011 Talks >
          • ICEE 2011 Talks Invited
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 1
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 2
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 3
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 4
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 5
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 6
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 7
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 8
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 9
          • ICEE 2011 Talks General Session 10
        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
        • RAW 2012 Presentations >
          • RAW 2012 Training
          • RAW 2012 Water Quality and Filtration
          • RAW 2012 Propagation
          • RAW 2012 Freshwater
          • RAW 2012 Aquarium and Population Management
          • RAW 2012 Crustacean Health
          • RAW 2012 Elasmobranchs
          • RAW 2012 Collection, Transport, and Acclimation
          • RAW 2012 Conservation
          • RAW 2012 Exhibits and Animal Health
      • RAW 2013 >
        • RAW 2013 Presentations >
          • RAW 2013 Conservation
          • RAW 2013 Animal Management and Training
          • RAW 2013 Animal Health
          • RAW 2013 Natural Disaster Preparation and Recovery
          • RAW 2013 Exhibitry
          • RAW 2013 Propagation
          • RAW 2013 Live Collection Management
          • RAW 2013 Professional Development and Aquarist Training
      • RAW 2014 >
        • RAW 2014 Presentations >
          • RAW 2014 Tuesday
          • RAW 2014 Wednesday
          • RAW 2014 Thursday
          • RAW 2014 Friday
      • RAW 2015 >
        • RAW 2015 Presentations >
          • RAW 2015 New Projects and Exhibits
          • RAW 2015 Training and Enrichment
          • RAW 2015 Elasmobranch Husbandry
          • RAW 2015 Husbandry
          • RAW 2015 Propagation
          • RAW 2015 LSS and WQ
          • RAW 2015 Animal Health
          • RAW 2015 Conservation & Research
          • RAW 2015 The End!
      • RAW 2016 >
        • RAW 2016 Presentations >
          • RAW 2016 Sharks / Sand Tiger Shark Round Table
          • RAW 2016 Husbandry
          • RAW 2016 Conservation and Propagation
          • RAW 2016 Animal Transport
          • RAW 2016 LSS and Quarantine
          • RAW 2016 Exhibit Design and Lighting
          • RAW 2016 Training and Enrichment
      • RAW 2017 >
        • RAW 2017 Presentations >
          • RAW 2017 Research and Conservation
          • RAW 2017 Culturing
          • RAW 2017 Husbandry
          • RAW 2017 Personnel, LSS, and Exhibits
          • RAW 2017 Medical
          • RAW 2017 AZA SAFE
      • RAW 2018 >
        • RAW 2018 Presentations >
          • RAW 2018 Coral Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Shark Conservation & Partnerships Abstracts
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships
          • RAW 2018 Conservation & Partnerships Panel Discussion
          • RAW 2018 Guest Programs
          • RAW 2018 Workforce Development
          • RAW 2018 Animal Behavior
          • RAW 2018 Veterinary Care, Nutrition & Animal Handling
          • RAW 2018 Life Support & Water Quality
      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
          • RAW 2019 Freshwater Mussel
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Elasmobranch
          • RAW 2019 Collection Sustainability
          • RAW 2019 Coral Culture
          • RAW 2019 LSS & Exhibitry
          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
          • RAW 2019 Animal Health
        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
          • RAW 2019 Aquatic Animal Welfare Discussion
        • RAW 2019 TAG Meetings >
          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry
        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Tuesday
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Wednesday
      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
        • IAC 2016 Aquarium Education
        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
        • ISHS 2018 Wednesday Presentations
    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Keynote
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Behavior
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
    • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 >
        • Sea Otter 2019 Population Status
        • Sea Otter 2019 Ecology
        • Sea Otter 2019 Conservation
        • Sea Otter 2019 Veterinary
        • Sea Otter 2019 Husbandry
        • Sea Otter 2019 Physiology
        • Sea Otter 2019 Genetics
        • Sea Otter 2019 General
    • Cephalopod Symposium >
      • Cephalopod Symposium 2019 >
        • Cephalopod 2019 Presentations
  • Contact
  • Search
  • Subscriptions
  • FAQs