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      • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
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      • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
        • IAC 2016 >
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      • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
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      • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
        • NWRA 2018 >
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        • NWRA 2019 >
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        • NWRA 2020 >
          • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session Abstracts
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        • NWRA 2021 >
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
        • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop 2019 Abstracts >
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    • The Animal Behavior Management Alliance (ABMA) >
      • ABMA 2011 >
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      • ABMA 2015 >
        • ABMA 2015 Keynote >
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      • ABMA 2016 >
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      • ABMA 2017 >
        • ABMA 2017 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2017 Keynote Megan Parker
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          • ABMA 2017 Enrichment Workshop
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      • ABMA 2018 >
        • ABMA 2018 Keynotes >
          • ABMA 2018 Keynotes Gary Wilson and Thad Lacinak
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      • ABMA 2019 >
        • ABMA 2019 Keynote >
          • ABMA 2019 Keynote Kate Webb
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          • ABMA 2019 Panel Discussion - Hot Topics
      • ABMA 2021 >
        • ABMA 2021 Thursday
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      • ABMA 2022 >
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      • IMATA ABMA 2023 >
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    • International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (ICEE) >
      • ICEE 2011 >
        • ICEE 2011 Keynote >
          • ICEE 2011 Keynote Dr. Joy Mench
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          • ICEE 2011 Invited Workshop Dr. Cheryl Meehan
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Personality and Behavioral Husbandry
          • ICEE 2011 Symposia Building enriched environments through design collaboration
    • Regional Aquatics Workshop (RAW) >
      • RAW 2012 >
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          • RAW 2012 Training
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      • RAW 2013 >
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          • RAW 2013 Conservation
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      • RAW 2014 >
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      • RAW 2016 >
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      • RAW 2017 >
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      • RAW 2018 >
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      • RAW 2019 >
        • RAW 2019 Presentations >
          • RAW 2019 Opening Presentations
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          • RAW 2019 Advances in Invertebrate Husbandry
          • RAW 2019 Advances in Marine Fish Husbandry
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          • RAW 2019 Animal Welfare
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        • RAW 2019 Discussions >
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          • RAW 2019 Taxon Advisory Groups (TAG)
      • RAW 2022 >
        • RAW 2022 Health Management
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        • RAW 2022 Sustainable Collections
    • International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (IEHS) >
      • IEHS 2013 >
        • IEHS 2013 Sustainability
        • IEHS 2013 Health
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        • IEHS 2013 Husbandry II
    • Aquality >
      • Aquality II 2014 >
        • Aquality II 2014 Presentations >
          • Aquality II 2014 Supply and Pre-Treatment
          • Aquality II 2014 Chemical and Ultraviolet
          • Aquality II 2014 Ozone and Fractionation
          • Aquality II 2014 Mechanical Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Biological Filtration
          • Aquality II 2014 Marine Mammals and Friends
          • Aquality II 2014 Nutrient Control
          • Aquality II 2014 Denitrification
          • Aquality II 2014 Corals and Jellies LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Microbiology in LSS
          • Aquality II 2014 Quantification
          • Aquality II 2014 Troubleshooting
    • Aquatic Animal Life Support Operators (AALSO) >
      • AALSO 2015 >
        • AALSO 2015 Host Facility Spotlights
        • AALSO 2015 Short Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2015 Sponsored Facility Updates
        • AALSO 2015 Symposium Theme
        • AALSO 2015 Dirty Laundry
      • AALSO 2016 >
        • AALSO 2016 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2016 Water Quality/Chemistry
        • AALSO 2016 Symposium Theme - Species Specific
        • AALSO 2016 Dive Operations & Green Initiatives
      • AALSO 2017 >
        • AALSO 2017 Monday
        • AALSO 2017 Tuesday
        • AALSO 2017 Wednesday
      • AALSO 2018 >
        • AALSO 2018 Papers Monday
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      • AALSO 2019 >
        • AALSO 2019 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2019 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2019 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2019 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2019 Making It Work Series
      • AALSO 2021 >
        • AALSO 2021 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2021 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2021 Dirty Laundry
        • AALSO 2021 Program Management Series
        • AALSO 2021 Greening Up LSS
      • AALSO 2022 >
        • AALSO 2022 New Innovations Series
        • AALSO 2022 Making It Work
        • AALSO 2022 Water Quality & Chemistry
        • AALSO 2022 Program Management Series
    • International Aquarium Congress (IAC) >
      • IAC 2016 >
        • IAC 2016 Keynotes
        • IAC 2016 Fish Husbandry
        • IAC 2016 TAXA Champions
        • IAC 2016 Elasmonbranch Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Mammal and Turtle Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Aquatic Diseases
        • IAC 2016 Coral Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Life Support Operations
        • IAC 2016 Field Conservation
        • IAC 2016 Fish Conservation and Propagation
        • IAC 2016 New Aquariums and Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Sustainable Seafood Movement
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Education
        • IAC 2016 Traveling and Temporary Exhibits
        • IAC 2016 Business Operations
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        • IAC 2016 Public Outreach
        • IAC 2016 Conservation Outreach
    • International Seadragon Husbandry Symposium (ISHS) >
      • ISHS 2016 >
        • ISHS 2016 Tuesday
        • ISHS 2016 Wednesday
      • ISHS 2018 >
        • ISHS 2018 Tuesday Presentations
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    • National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) >
      • NWRA Education Tracks >
        • Avian Basics Track
        • Basics of Wildlife Rehabilitation 1 Track
        • Mammal Basics Track
      • NWRA 2018 >
        • NWRA 2018 Keynote
        • NWRA 2018 Workshop Lecture
        • NWRA 2018 Administration
        • NWRA 2018 Urban Wildlife Conflict
        • NWRA 2018 Education
        • NWRA 2018 Assorted Topics
        • NWRA 2018 Release & Survival
      • NWRA 2019 >
        • NWRA 2019 Keynote
        • NWRA 2019 Setting Limits
        • NWRA 2019 Animal Welfare Plenary
        • NWRA 2019 Working Together
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Veterinary Topics
        • NWRA 2019 Workshop Lectures
        • NWRA 2019 Volunteers
        • NWRA 2019 Reptiles
        • NWRA 2019 Disease
        • NWRA 2019 Reuniting
        • NWRA 2019 Post-release
        • NWRA 2019 Avian
        • NWRA 2019 Education
        • NWRA 2019 Training Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2019 Mammals I
        • NWRA 2019 Diets & Nutrition
        • NWRA 2019 Avian Radiographs 101
      • NWRA 2020 >
        • NWRA 2020 Plenary Session
        • NWRA 2020 Avain 1
        • NWRA 2020 Mammals 1
        • NWRA 2020 Data
        • NWRA 2020 Rehabilitators and Zoos Roundtable
        • NWRA 2020 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2020 General
        • NWRA 2020 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2020 Waterbird
        • NWRA 2020 Medications
        • NWRA 2020 Oiled Wildlife & Disaster Response I
        • NWRA 2020 Toxicity
        • NWRA 2020 Education & Outreach
      • NWRA 2021 >
        • NWRA 2021 Avian
        • NWRA 2021 Herptiles
        • NWRA 2021 Mammals
        • NWRA 2021 Biosecurity
        • NWRA 2021 General Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2021 Outreach
        • NWRA 2021 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2021 Veterinary
        • NWRA 2021 Standards Panel
      • NWRA 2022 >
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Care & Husbandry
        • NWRA 2022 Parasite & Pathogens
        • NWRA 2022 General Rehabilitation Concepts
        • NWRA 2022 Compassion Fatigue
        • NWRA 2022 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Mammal Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Wildlife Medicine
        • NWRA 2022 Pharmacology
        • NWRA 2022 Triage & Trauma
        • NWRA 2022 Everyday Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2022 Loons
      • NWRA 2023 >
        • NWRA 2023 Plenary
        • NWRA 2023 Administration, Fundraising, & Collaboration
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Medicine
        • NWRA 2023 Avian Rehabilitation
        • NWRA 2023 Diagnostics
        • NWRA 2023 Education Ambassadors
        • NWRA 2023 First Response
        • NWRA 2023 Herptile Care
        • NWRA 2023 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
        • NWRA 2023 Home-based & Micro-center Rehabilitation
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ABMA 2018 Monday Abstracts

AN APPLE A DAY KEEPS THE DOCTOR AWAY: TRAINING A HERD OF BISON FOR MEDICAL CARE

Tiffany Laracuente,
Salato Wildlife Education Center, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources


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Salato Wildlife Education Center is the only wildlife center run by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. Staff care for a wide range of Kentucky native wildlife from snakes and fish, to raptors, bears and elk. One prominent and popular animal is the herd of 1.3 American Bison (Bison bison). Historically, this herd is very skittish when trying to apply fly spray, ivermectin or any medical care. This resulted in at least one bison developing hot spots that were hard to treat every summer. Starting in February 2017, we created a training program for the bison. Now all four bison willingly come up to a station for training fly spray and ivermectin; in addition, two of the bison are trained for injections. Summer of 2017 is the first year that none of the bison developed hot spots. We have also been able to train the bison for the public and use the training as a way to help educate. This presentation/paper will outline the steps taken from the beginning to where we are now. Moreover, we will go over all the herd and individual challenges along the way.


​THE QUARANTINE EXPERIENCE


Nicki Boyd
San Diego Zoo


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Quarantine can be one of the most stressful times in an animal’s life. As we constantly look for ways to improve welfare of animals in managed care, quarantine should be no exception. With thoughtful considerations of risk assessment, behavioral history, social structure, and enrichment experiences, animal care staff can create behavioral goals and work closely with veterinary and hospital keeper staff to reduce any unnecessary testing or putting them in a completely sterile and isolated environment for a minimum of 30 days. With access to documents like Animal Data Transfer forms and Enrichment Data Transfer forms ahead of a shipment a thoughtful behavioral plan can be formulated. Pre-shipment testing can often preclude the need for lengthy quarantine times and repeat testing. Some facilities are even moving animals straight into their new habitats, reducing quarantine time or timing quarantine with con-specifics or bringing a buddy up for social species like birds, hoofstock and primates. The Association of Zoos and Aquarium (AZA) Behavior Advisory Group (BAG) is coming up with best practices and behavioral and welfare consideration that will be shared in this paper. As we continue to strive for the best welfare for animals in our care quarantine does not have to be that stressful, isolated, sterile process we have followed for so many years. With animal care and veterinary care working closely together this is one more area that can be a priority for welfare improvement for animals in managed care.
TRAINING VOLUNTARY BLOOD DRAW WITH A DIABETIC WHITE-CHEEKED GIBBON (Nomascus leucogenys)


​Sara E. Gonzalez,
WCS, Bronx Zoo

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The Bronx Zoo houses a pair of white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys). In 2014, our male gibbon, Milton, was diagnosed with diabetes. The first attempt to manage Milton's diabetes involved dietary changes and oral medication; however, these treatments were unable to effectively control his diabetes. Because Milton had a strong injection training history, the decision was made to start daily insulin injections. Insulin treatment required close monitoring of Milton's blood glucose levels which was initially achieved by training Milton for both urine testing and blood glucose testing with a glucometer. Although both of these methods provide useful information about Milton’s glucose levels, a larger blood sample would allow veterinarians to evaluate changes in his glucose levels over time and modify his treatment plan accordingly. We began training Milton for voluntarily blood draw in April 2015, and had our first successful blood draw in May 2016. This presentation will outline the steps we took to train the blood draw behavior and the challenges we faced along the way. One of the major challenges was designing an appropriate blood sleeve for Milton. Not only did the sleeve need to accommodate Milton’s long arm and fingers, it had to be modified multiple times in order to position Milton’s arm in a way that would allow easier access to his vein. Training this complex behavior has allowed us to obtain regular blood samples, which has enabled us to better monitor Milton's health, evaluate the efficacy of his treatment, and improve his overall quality of life.
DON’T SHOOT THE ZEBRA-PONY! USING AN INTRIGUING CASE STUDY TO EDUCATE AND PROMOTE THE USE OF EVIDENCE BASED BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT WITH DOMESTIC EQUINES

Megan Phillips and Jody Ambrose,
Train with Trust
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The practical application and scientific understanding of animal training and behavior management has evolved tremendously in the past 20-30 years. Much of the development of applied techniques and foundational philosophies, has occurred in the contexts of zoos and aquariums as well as dog training and behavior modification. Unfortunately, advancement of this approach has been greatly limited in the world of horse training and management. Many routine interactions with horses rely on force, positive punishment and chemical restraint. There is a lack of standardized education for those entering into horse care. While there aren’t any universally accepted standards for breeding, keeping, transporting and training horses, a preponderance of unsubstantiated pseudoscience and deeply rooted traditions are the main influence behind what continuity does exist. The consequences for horses have been compromised welfare, undesirable and/or dangerous behavior, poor performance, abuse and a high rate of surrender to rescue and slaughter. A clear opportunity exists for behavioral science and applied behavior management techniques to be disseminated to those involved in horse training and care. These range from owners, veterinarians and trainers to farriers, stable-owners and workers. Train with Trust has had an opportunity to bring greater awareness to this cause. In partnership with Equitopia, a non-profit dedicated to increasing evidence-based horse care education, we have been able to highlight our work with a zebra-pony hybrid whose story typifies many of the difficulties seen in the horse world. Her story may also provide one possible road-map for an improved future in horse behavior management.

​
USING OPERANT CONDITIONING TO TREAT FOR COMPLIMENTARY ALTERNATIVE THERAPY IN CARNIVORES


​Katie Buckley-Jones,
Houston Zoo, Inc.

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The Houston Zoo veterinary and animal care staff has been working closely with a consulting complementary therapy veterinarian to provide the collection with a variety of treatments ranging from chiropractic adjustments, laser acupuncture, and therapeutic stretches in conjunction with traditional Western medicine. In the carnivore department, operant conditioning and positive reinforcement techniques have been utilized to more completely care for some of the medical cases. The complimentary therapy veterinarian has prescribed a variety of stretches for the animals, so it has been the keeper’s challenge to train them to participate in their own medical care. For example, there is a cheetah who is working on his rear leg strength, a leopard with nerve issues who does stretches, a bear who was trained for multiple stretches, and a few cats who have been conditioned to receive laser acupuncture alleviate discomfort associated with arthritis. The leopard has shown significant improvement with his nerve damage due to his stretching regime and acupuncture. The geriatric Andean bear also showed mobility improvement when she began her stretching. One side effect that has been observed is some animals appear to enjoy the laser acupuncture so much, the treatment itself becomes the reinforcement and no food reinforcement is needed. The ability to train for complementary medicinal treatments has improved the comfort and welfare for many of the Houston Zoo’s carnivores and shows promise for other species as well.

​W.T.F (WHAT'S THE FUNCTION):
HOW YOUR L.R.S COULD BE
MAINTAINING ABERRANT BEHAVIORS​

​


Sandy McPadden,
Sandy McPadden Animal Behavior Consulting

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In the field of human behavior modification, behavior analysts are required by their credentialing board to conduct assessments prior to recommending or initiating behavior modification procedures. In the field of animal behavior modification, this applied methodology is not as common, especially in attempts to decrease aberrant behavior. By applying similar human behavior assessments and intervention techniques to the field of animal behavior, animal behavior management teams can draw upon decades of applied research to achieve groundbreaking advances in captive animal welfare. The future of animal behavior management is to systematically identify the function of a behavior before ever developing a behavioral intervention plan. By doing this we will energize animal behavior management teams to take advantage of empirically validated protocols thus adhering to some of the very same ethical standards mandated for human behavioral interventions. This presentation discusses how first identifying the function of an aberrant behavior and then utilizing that same function to reinforce an alternative target behavior allows for a more effective and ethical intervention program. Furthermore, the function of Escape and its’ relationship to the commonly utilized technique, Least Reinforcing Scenario (LRS), will be deeply examined. Lastly, how employing protocols used in human behavior modification and holding animal behavior management teams to those same ethical standards can benefit guest perception of animal conservation programs.
APPROXIMATING A CULTURE: INNOVATIVE TRAINING CONCEPTS FOR ZOO KNOXVILLE'S ELEPHANTS

Becca Wyatt
Zoo Knoxville

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Zoo Knoxville’s elephant program has redefined its behavior management program and reshaped the culture in which the staff and elephants work with one another. The focus of the behavior program has shifted to a more process orientation, from what was previously a goal orientation. This has enabled us to better customize behavior programs for each individual elephant. The “study of one” allows for innovative approaches such as two-way communication between trainer and elephant, elephant choice in how training progresses, and individualized trainer response tailored to the needs of each elephant. We have found that these strategies have increased trust between elephant and trainer, which has improved our ability to work on the more advanced and vulnerable husbandry behaviors. The shift in culture has generated more confident elephants and more confident staff. As a result, the welfare of our elephants has improved. One of our missions as a zoo is to help draw a connection between animals and guests to promote a commitment to conservation. Our program can better do this with training sessions on exhibit where our elephants are eager to participate and encourage a sense of wonder from our guests. Our positive culture allows the public to view physiological and emotionally healthy elephants. This inspires guests to understand and support conservation more effectively.

​CHANGE IN THE FLIGHT PLAN: GIVING RESCUED MACAWS A CHOICE

Emily Yunker,
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium

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In September 2017 the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium was made aware of an animal hoarding situation in Enterprise, Alabama. During a confiscation of over 60 dogs a wildlife officer found sixteen macaws in cages wrapped in tarps. A local sanctuary was temporarily housing the macaws but being a non-profit native wildlife rescue, they did not have the ability to care for all of the birds long term. The Columbus Zoo agreed to take all sixteen macaws and assume responsibility for their welfare and placement. With little to no information available on any of their physical states or history, the birds had to be restrained
for health exams by the zoo's vet staff. Many medical issues were uncovered, including a young hyacinth macaw with old fractures in both legs, a scarlet macaw with a coelomic hernia likely from over breeding, and a scarlet macaw with a ruptured air sac. Through building trusting relationships with positive reinforcement training we were not only able to improve their quality of life, but give them a choice to participate in their own healthcare. Voluntary radiographs, ingestion of barium, and removal of air from under the skin are just the beginning stages of creating stress-free and healthful future for these birds. Despite the fact that all of these macaws came from the same situation, they remain different individuals. Therefore, training was modified to accommodate each animal's needs, making this truly a study of one and laying the framework for future rescues and conservation efforts.
PROVIDING CHOICE AND CONTROL FOR AMBASSADOR ANIMALS BY TRAINING COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIORS

Kristen Frizzell,
National Aquarium

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Providing animals with choice and control has become a major focus in managed care. These concepts are accepted as primary reinforcers and animal care professionals believe that animals should not feel trapped in a situation or forced to do something. The Animal Programs department at the National Aquarium has implemented such practices and is now working on the next level by training animals to communicate their preferences. Using a similar approach to the Norwegian horse blanket study, a non-flighted adult female hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) was taught to ring a doorbell on her perch in order to communicate when she is ready to return to her enclosure. By utilizing successive approximation, some creative engineering, and a fantastic team, she learned the behavior within a few months. We’ve learned a great deal about the macaw’s preferences since training this doorbell behavior and also learned that some of our assumptions were wrong. Future plans include training her to ring different bells to communicate other requests and by continuing to work on other choice and control opportunities with all of our ambassador animals. We hope this work inspires other facilities to develop new and exciting ways to teach animals to communicate their preferences. You never know what you’ll learn about your animals until you give them the opportunity to tell you.
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        • ICEE 2011 Symposia >
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    • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop >
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      • Sea Otter Conservation Workshop XIII 2023 (Coming March 31, 2023)
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